Hilo oficial del Bitcoin (VI)

jochemin dijo:

Guías para el absoluto novato en bitcoin

1.- Eh! Quiero comprar y guardarlo hasta que valga 1 millon de €!

Mucha gente esta comprando bitcoin simplemente para almacenarlos, si lo que la mayoría de los que estamos metidos en esto pensamos sucede, el bitcoin debería valer mucho de aquí a unos años.

Perfecto! Quiero comprar!

¿Dónde lo guardo?

Antes de comprar tienes que tener una cartera, ahí varios tipos de cartera, pero si tu intención es almacenar el o los bitcoin, mi consejo es tirar hacia una cartera de papel (paper wallet). Las causas, sencillas, te olvidas de clientes oficiales y de servicios online, no dependes de nada que no sea tu capacidad de mantener un papel a salvo.

Ok, ya tengo mi cartera en papel, pero, ¿y si alguien me la roba?

Pues estás dolido, en la cartera de ejemplo aparecen 2 series de letras y números:

Public Address, es decir, la dirección pública de tu cartera, la que darás cuando compres tu bitcoin, y tiene este formato: 1FYVwoHtnDkfyZe6A9ndng2vNvDR9SSqFZ

Private Key, esta clave es la que tú y sólo tú tiene que saber, si alguien consigue esta clave, puede importar la cartera y sustraer tus bitcoin.

Pues mal andamos, no me fío nada de que el papelito no me desaparezca, me gustaría tener más seguridad.

Perfecto y comprensible, vamos a cifrar la cartera en papel, esto cifrará la clave privada en función de una contraseña que tú le indiques.

Vale, me gustán las 2 opciones, ¿Cómo lo hago?

Bien, es mucho más fácil de lo que crees, y tienes 2 opciones dependiendo de la seguridad que quieras. Yo recomiendo generar las carteras en un pc offline, y a poder ser desde un entorno limpio, esto es, arrancando un live cd de ubuntu por ejemplo, en un pc NO conectado a Internet.

Para ello, vamos a https://www.bitaddress.org , veremos que la dirección cambia y añade una serie de números y caracteres detrás del .org, es normal, tiene que quedar así:

Una vez en la página, y según navegador, le damos a guardar página, y guardamos el HTML en un pendrive recién formateado (seguridad ante todo)

Vale, ya tenemos nuestro generador de wallets offline en un pendrive, hora de arrancar con un live cd en un pc SIN conexión a Internet.

Una vez arrancado, introducimos el pendrive y doble click al fichero .html

Y generamos la paper wallet, os dejo un par de pantallazos de paper wallet sin cifrar y cifrada, observar que cambia el color (sin cifrar tonos marrones y cifrada tonos azules).
Creo que queda claro y no habrá duda en como generarlas, pero van unas pautas por si acaso:

-Hide Art? Si lo marcas, quita la imagen quedando sólo el texto y los Qr.
-Addresses to generate. Número de direcciones que va a generar
- BIP38 Encrypt? Si lo marcas, la clave privada estará encriptada
- Passphrase. En caso de encriptarla, aquí introduciremos la clave.
- Addresses per page. En caso de que vayamos a generar muchas direcciones, cada cuanto tendremos un salto de página.

Y cuando tengamos las opciones a nuestro gusto, al botón “Generate”

Cartera NO encriptada

Cartera encriptada

Sólo nos queda imprimir o guardar las carteras en algún sitio seguro. Recuerda apuntar tu dirección pública para recibir tus bitcoin.

¡Ya tengo mi cartera! Ha sido fácil, pero ahora quiero comprar bitcoin, ¿Dónde?

Un bitcoin tiene un valor de 516,94€ en este preciso instante (19/11/2013 10:13), no es necesario que compres 1 bitcoin, puedes comprar fracciones, de hecho, la moneda está pensada para utilizar 8 decimales y es ampliable en caso de ser necesario.

Vamos a lo fácil, vete a www.localbitcoins.com, y crea una cuenta, es una página de compraventa, los vendedores ponen los precios del bitcoin, y la cantidad mínima que van a vender, se puede comprar online y en persona. Y tiene un sistema de votos que indica la confianza que se puede tener en un vendedor. Buscamos una opción que nos agrade, transferencia nacional, SEPA, okpay, hay un montón de opciones (paypal no se suele utilizar para compra/venta de bitcoin por motivos de seguridad)

Una vez localizado el vendedor, le damos al botón “comprar”, en la siguiente pantalla introducimos la cantidad de € que nos queremos gastar y cuando le damos a comprar automáticamente la página bloquea los bitcoins al vendedor, el siguiente paso es hacer el pago, de la manera convenida. Una vez que el vendedor reciba el pago, libera los bitcoins que pasan a tu cartera de bitcoins alojada en localbitcoins.com.

Heyyyyyyy, ya tengo mis 0.12 bitcoin!
Genial! Ahora vamos a transferirlos a tu cartera de papel, recuerda que puedes hacer tantas transferencias como quieras hacía tu cartera. Os dejo pantallazo explicativo:

Bien! Me pone que envíado, ¿Cómo sé yo que en ese papelote tengo mis bitcoin?

Pues de nuevo, sencillo, lo podemos comprobar en blockchain, introduciendo nuestra dirección pública en la casilla destinada a ello, pantallazo que os va:

Al darle a buscar nos saldrá información sobre la dirección y su saldo.

Ya tenemos un wallet en papel, con bitcoins!

¡Necesito mis bitcoin! ¿Cómo los saco de mi cartera de papel?

Tranquilo, lo más sencillo es que crees una cuenta en blockchain, la página donde hemos consultado el saldo de tu dirección pública. Si pretendes guardar durante algún tiempo tus bitcoin en esa cartera (no recomendable), lo mejor es que actives la autenticación en 2 pasos.

Dentro de blockchain y una vez logueados en nuestra wallet, vamos a la opción “Import/Export” nos dará un aviso de seguridad y probablemente nos vuelva a pedir nuestra contraseña:

En la siguiente pantalla, nos aparecerán una serie de opciones, la que nos interesa es “Add Private Key”, tanto como si tenemos la clave privada cifrada como si no, la tenemos que introducir en esa casilla, en caso de que tengamos la clave cifrada, nos pedirá la contraseña de la cartera:

Con esto, lo que hacemos es añadir nuestra cartera de papel a nuestra cuenta de blockchain, ya podemos envíar nuestros bitcoin a donde nos plazca.

Yo quiero €!

No creo que tengas ningún problema, pásalos a algun Exchange (mtgox, btc-e, bitstamp…) y venderlos al momento, después realizar una transferencia a tu cuenta, eso si, para que esto no lleve mucho tiempo, tienes que tener cuenta verificada en el Exchange, si no es tu caso, localbitcoins o comentándolo en algún foro especializado (bitcointalk) seguro que encuentras comprador enseguida. NUNCA ACEPTES PayPal Y SI NO ESTÁS CONVENCIDO DE LA TRANSACCIÓN, NO LA HAGAS, UNA VEZ REALIZADA LA TRANSACCIÓN DE BITCOIN, NO SE PUEDE REVERTIR.

Hacer clic para expandir...

Nico dijo:

el Estado de New York está estudiando el mecanismo para otorgar una licencia a las empresas de bitcoin (bitlicense)

Hacer clic para expandir...

Carlos Izquierdo dijo:

Pues yo como siempre aporto dudas que necesito aclarar y que e paso sirven a otros que solo leen y no preguntan y tienen dudas similares...

Por ejemplo cuando empezais a hablar de liberar codigos ,de blockchain etc...

Que es o como es el codigo , ?

Hacer clic para expandir...

Carlos Izquierdo dijo:

Hay que saber programar para entenderlo?

Hacer clic para expandir...

Carlos Izquierdo dijo:

que es blockchain realmente?

Hacer clic para expandir...

Carlos Izquierdo dijo:

donde estan los bloques?

Hacer clic para expandir...

Carlos Izquierdo dijo:

Que es prof os stake? por ejemplo
PoS?

Hacer clic para expandir...

Carlos Izquierdo dijo:

Sha 256?

Hacer clic para expandir...

Carlos Izquierdo dijo:

o donde se concentra esta informacion?
ya se que por internet se puede buscar , pero ¿esta centralizada?

Hacer clic para expandir...

Carlos Izquierdo dijo:

Y github que es esa pagina???

Hacer clic para expandir...

trescuernos dijo:

Esperemos a ver como organizan la salida. El pre-order daba una oportunidad de entrar a todos por igual. Espero que cuando decidan como lanzarla, la filosofía sea la misma.

Hacer clic para expandir...

trescuernos dijo:

Llevo leyendo acerca de Emumie bastante y soluciona muchos de los problemas tanto de Btc como de Nxt...

Hacer clic para expandir...

It's been a while since I originally announced eMunie and development has been progressing at a superb rate. That said, there is not a lot of information so far on the more crucial details of how eMunie works, or the principles behind it.as things have been pretty busy over here.

This is partly due to uncertainties I had about the system and rightly expected them to change or be improved upon, which has indeed happened.

Due to these changes/improvements/additions the launch date has slipped by quite a lot, it was originally penciled for ~21st June, but even when posting the original thread, there were policies and philosophies in the design that I wasn't sure would stay, or might change. Which is why I didn't spend the time completing the whitepaper, as I felt that information might become outdated. Currently there is a tentative launch date set sometime around the end of July.

In this post I'll be addressing some technical elements, new antiestéticatures, the new and improved eMu generation model and how that will work. Plus some information on antiestéticatures that we are planning/building in to the system. Some of it I will keep out, as the antiestéticatures are innovative, but could easily be implemented by others, and I'm not a fan of my idea's being stolen before I've executed them.

All of what I post technically will be brief, and more detail will be included in the published whitepaper when methods are finalized.

Transactional Model

Originally the eMunie transaction model shared a lot in common with the Bitcoin design, single chain, in and out transactions cross signed using ECDSA scripts and other similarities. From day one, this did not "feel" correct, it is limiting, it is susceptible to 51% attacks via forking and while its design is acceptable to a minor currency implementation, moving forward, it does not scale well enough to be considered a "fiat" challenger.

We decided to redesign 70% of our transaction model and refactor our code.

So how does it work now?

Confirming transactions continues to operate in much the same manner, a forward and back search of the block chain is performed, verifying that the current transaction dependencies are legitimate and continuing in a recursive fashion until an eMu generation block is encountered, or the genesis. Coupled with our efficient POW algorithm (although slightly revised which I'll get into later on) this original method is still the basis of our transaction confirmation functionality and processing.

The main changes are in the "block chain" itself, and the way that transactions are recorded and stored.

eMunie now uses multiple chains, think of the ledger as more of a block tree, than a block chain. There may be many 1000's of small, interconnected chains, all holding valid transactions, and all able to validate transactions across other chain sections. "Forks", or new chains in eMunie are good, they strengthen the system and make a 51% attack impractical if not nigh on impossible, as there are so many chains, taking them all over is rather difficult. Transactions are verified in multiple blocks, with many "hatchers" (or miners as is the lingo here) in the system verifying the same transaction over and over and including a reference to that transaction in many blocks, within many chains.

Double spends are also EXTREMELY difficult with eMunie, as the system now favors a rolling balance over a "transaction in/out" method such as Bitcoin. As soon as you create a transaction, that transaction is distributed to the network as an intention, and it is logged. All nodes now know about this intended transaction and will include it in any subsequent balance calculation should they need it.

Upon the transaction clearing, that transaction is included in 1 or many blocks, and your rolling balance will calculate to the same as when performed using the transaction intention.

Transaction intentions take huge priority over other system messages, so to perform that double spend would require you to be very targeted in where it is sent to, know all about the current network position (its very dynamic) and sent immediately after the original transaction. Should you successfully achieve a double spend, soon after your rolling balance when calculated by nodes in the system will enter a negative balance, that peer and wallet address will then be immediately blacklisted forever.

Supply, Demand & eMu Generation

Currencies, or money supply, work with reliance to supply and demand, the more demand the more supply, the problem is of course, that in the fiat world, this is manipulated by the central banks to their own agenda, and dilutes the fiat supply... or inflation.

A stable currency needs a stable value, and a stable value can only be achieved with a solid supply and demand model that doesn't dilute the already in circulation money supply. If it does, new money steals the value from your current money supply and thus is devalued, as it has not "earned" its own value yet.

With eMunie we have looked at these issues in great detail, and believe we have a solution, that will ensure a fair, stable, honest currency value that does not dilute the holding of any single person in the system anywhere.

Save for the details of the mathematics (which will be in the white paper), demand is simply a call for new eMu, whether that be new accounts with new people coming on board, or regular users of eMunie wanting to have more of a holding.

Demand in the system is always closely chased, via an trailing elastic supply model, so there is just enough eMu in circulation to almost meet to the current demand trends....unless demand comes to a halt or is exceeded by supply. When this happens, no more eMu is created until the current excess supply available is used by demand. This recognition of excess supply happens quickly, so the excess will always be a very small percentage of the entire money supply, thus the effect of this supply will be nominal at best.

Where does the supply come from you ask? It comes from the hatchers. Hatchers perform work while clearing transactions, the amount of work any single hatcher in the system does, is easily calculated from the block tree, and thus, a % portion of the work done by that hatcher in a specific time period can be determined. A hatcher will then receive that % portion, of the systems calculated supply of new eMu required from the current demand.

eMu can not be spent from a hatcher account, it can only be transferred to either an exchange account, or a regular eMu wallet via a mediator. This mediator records the movement of supply eMu into the system and is included in future supply calculations. Hatcher owners are then free to do with the eMu as they so wish, hopefully, trading some or all of it out into the system.

These generated eMu's will have "value" as the hatchers have performed real world work to acquire them, however, a caveat of this, is that as the system load increases, and more work is done by more hatchers, these eMu's increase in deemed value, thus devaluing the already present eMu's in the system....and thus acts like traditional INFLATION.

Interest

To combat this inflation due to the effect of the increasing work in the system, a portion of the supply eMu's are passed to the accounts already holding eMu as "interest". Interest is calculated as the current annual % increase in eMu supply, as per demand, plus a % increase to ensure equilibrium. This ensures that while the new supply of eMu entering into the system may have higher "value" due to more work done to achieve them, all other eMu's in the system, while worth less, are topped up with new, more valuable eMu to guarantee that stake holder of current eMu does not loose out.

Interest is ALWAYS higher than new supply %, even if just marginally, except in the event, that demand ceases to exist, or is 0. Interest is then also 0 to ensure the equilibrium and solidify the value of all eMu in the system.

Work Value & Real Value

Above I mentioned a few times about the "value" of an eMu. There are 2 value classification for a single eMu, "work value" and "real value".

Work value is the classification I talk about above, it is the work value of that eMu within the system and has no bearing or relevance at all to the eMu's real value. The work value is an abstract that is used to correctly govern the supply of new eMu's thus to ensure that the current collective work value of all existing eMu's is not compromised.

Real value is the value placed upon eMu by you, me, and anyone else that chooses to use them, and that is a different kettle of fish entirely.

The work value of an eMu can be going up, while the real value is going down, or vice versa. The real value is isolated from the work value, and is determined by the market, not the system.

That said, the real value of an eMu will most certainly have an effect on the supply and demand model within, as generally, it can be assumed that if the real value is dropping, so is demand, and vice versa.

The real value is what you "trade OF value" to acquire an eMu, whether that be a $, a £, a service, work, or a sheep.

With that in mind, if the demand of eMu is high, then the real value of an eMu will typically rise. If the demand of eMu is low, or none, the real value may drop, but the work value will hold until demand resumes. Due to the work value of an eMu being topped up via interest, your overall holding of eMu increases in proportion to the work value, and thus the real world value should rise at a steady and predictable manner. The result is a reliable, predictable real world value increase, which when rising ultimately results in ... profit for for the stake holder.

In closing

Finally I would like to end with a breakdown of some innovative and unique antiestéticatures within the eMunie eco system, as aside from the above strong points, there are others too as listed below:

Transaction message ***********
Secure P2P messaging system
Multiple accounts within a single wallet
Higher wallet security
Easy wallet retrieval if lost
Built in system escrow system
Transaction schedules (transactions sent now but clear on a certain date)
Decentralized P2P exchange
..much much more..

Hacer clic para expandir...