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O sea, quieres un artículo del PUBMED de que la detección de anticuerpos al VIH demuestra que tienes VIH.
Field evaluation of rapid HIV serologic tests for screening and confirming HIV-1 infection in Honduras.
Stetler HC, Granade TC, Nunez CA, Meza R, Terrell S, Amador L, George JR.
SourceDivision of AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of simple, rapid tests to identify HIV-1 antibody-positive specimens in field settings using the World Health Organization's (WHO) alternative testing strategies.
DESIGN: Three-phase evaluation of simple, rapid assays using banked specimens and prospectively collected serum specimens at regional hospitals and rural clinics.
METHODS: Seven test (Retrocell, Genie, HIVCHEK, SUDS HIV-1, Testpack, Serodia HIV-1, and HIV-1/2 RTD) were evaluated and results compared with standard enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot results (phase 1). Further evaluation consisted of prospective testing of routine specimens at regional (phase 2; n = 900) and rural, peripheral laboratories (phase 3; n = 1266) throughout Honduras with selected assays.
RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each assay and combination of assays for each phase to evaluate the effectiveness of the WHO alternative testing strategies. All tests in all phases were > 99% sensitive after correcting for technical errors, with two exceptions (SUDS, phase 1; HIVCHEK, phase 3). In phase 3, where the testing algorithm was diagnostic, several combinations of assays were 100% sensitive and specific using WHO strategy II or III. For the Honduras Ministry of Health, the combination of Retrocell and Genie was found to be equally sensitive, more specific (no indeterminate results), and less expensive than EIA/Western blot.
CONCLUSION: Combinations of rapid, simple HIV antibody assays provide sensitivity and specificity performance comparable to EIA/Western blot. Application of these combinations in the WHO alternative testing strategies provides an inexpensive and effective method of determining HIV status. Assay combinations using these strategies can be easily performed in small, rural laboratories and have been implemented in routine HIV screening in Honduras.
PIP: In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced 3 HIV testing algorithms designed to provide rapid, accurate results equivalent to those obtained by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot but at reduced costs. The capability of the WHO strategy to identify HIV-1 antibodies in field settings was evaluated at regional hospitals and rural clinics in Honduras. In the study's first phase, the results of 7 tests (Retrocell, Genie, HIVCHEK, SUDS HIV-1, Testpack, Serodia HIV-1, and HIV-1/2 RTD) were compared with results for 600 sera previously tested by EIA and Western blot. Phase 2 entailed prospective testing of 900 routine specimens at regional laboratories, while phase 3 screened 1266 specimens at rural, peripheral laboratories. In the first phase of the analysis, 5 assays had a sensitivity of 100%; the remaining 2 were 99.7% and 99.3% sensitive and specificities ranged from 92.8 to 100%. In field settings, sensitivities ranged from 96.4 to 99.3%. Moreover, in the third phase, several combinations of tests were 100% sensitive or specific when the WHO strategy of basing the choice of assay on the purpose of the screening (seroprevalence studies, screening of blood, or patient diagnosis) was employed. The combination of Retrocell and Genie was found to be equally sensitive, more specific, and less expensive than EIA or Western blot.
Field evaluation of rapid HIV serologic tests for screening and confirming HIV-1 infection in Honduras.
Stetler HC, Granade TC, Nunez CA, Meza R, Terrell S, Amador L, George JR.
SourceDivision of AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of simple, rapid tests to identify HIV-1 antibody-positive specimens in field settings using the World Health Organization's (WHO) alternative testing strategies.
DESIGN: Three-phase evaluation of simple, rapid assays using banked specimens and prospectively collected serum specimens at regional hospitals and rural clinics.
METHODS: Seven test (Retrocell, Genie, HIVCHEK, SUDS HIV-1, Testpack, Serodia HIV-1, and HIV-1/2 RTD) were evaluated and results compared with standard enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot results (phase 1). Further evaluation consisted of prospective testing of routine specimens at regional (phase 2; n = 900) and rural, peripheral laboratories (phase 3; n = 1266) throughout Honduras with selected assays.
RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each assay and combination of assays for each phase to evaluate the effectiveness of the WHO alternative testing strategies. All tests in all phases were > 99% sensitive after correcting for technical errors, with two exceptions (SUDS, phase 1; HIVCHEK, phase 3). In phase 3, where the testing algorithm was diagnostic, several combinations of assays were 100% sensitive and specific using WHO strategy II or III. For the Honduras Ministry of Health, the combination of Retrocell and Genie was found to be equally sensitive, more specific (no indeterminate results), and less expensive than EIA/Western blot.
CONCLUSION: Combinations of rapid, simple HIV antibody assays provide sensitivity and specificity performance comparable to EIA/Western blot. Application of these combinations in the WHO alternative testing strategies provides an inexpensive and effective method of determining HIV status. Assay combinations using these strategies can be easily performed in small, rural laboratories and have been implemented in routine HIV screening in Honduras.
PIP: In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced 3 HIV testing algorithms designed to provide rapid, accurate results equivalent to those obtained by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot but at reduced costs. The capability of the WHO strategy to identify HIV-1 antibodies in field settings was evaluated at regional hospitals and rural clinics in Honduras. In the study's first phase, the results of 7 tests (Retrocell, Genie, HIVCHEK, SUDS HIV-1, Testpack, Serodia HIV-1, and HIV-1/2 RTD) were compared with results for 600 sera previously tested by EIA and Western blot. Phase 2 entailed prospective testing of 900 routine specimens at regional laboratories, while phase 3 screened 1266 specimens at rural, peripheral laboratories. In the first phase of the analysis, 5 assays had a sensitivity of 100%; the remaining 2 were 99.7% and 99.3% sensitive and specificities ranged from 92.8 to 100%. In field settings, sensitivities ranged from 96.4 to 99.3%. Moreover, in the third phase, several combinations of tests were 100% sensitive or specific when the WHO strategy of basing the choice of assay on the purpose of the screening (seroprevalence studies, screening of blood, or patient diagnosis) was employed. The combination of Retrocell and Genie was found to be equally sensitive, more specific, and less expensive than EIA or Western blot.